How does the method of CRISPR cas 9 work to construct a tool to study the mechanisms of mutated NF2 gene in neurofibromatosis type 2?

This research project analyzes the CRISPR-Cas9 technique in finding effective cures for single mutated genes such as NF2. After collecting RNA samples one project goal is to build a tool that can be used to easily fix mutated genes using CRISPR technology in order to identify an effective way to cure those with diseases related to gene mutations.

How can a program be written to develop a percentage value for a stop loss on any security that minimizes loss (or maximizes profit), based on analysis of that security’s historical price?

This research project is an analysis of tech manufacturer companies in the Silicon Valley and how they impact the California economy which is about $2.5 trillion USD. This project will focus on how much revenue these companies make and how many people they employ because both of these are two major components of our economy.

What is microPREP, and what are its potential uses?

Using a new laser technology called microPREP, this research project investigate optimizing the process by which laboratory samples are prepared. The project will use many silicone samples to alter parameters in the system and see how this affects the sample. Using Imaging technology at available at the project mentor's company will be used to examine in detail the quality of each of these samples, which determine the parameters that had the best effect.

What are the biochemical changes in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

This research project, conducted in the form of a case study, utilizes questionnaires answered by a patient that are based off other Parkinson's disease rating scales, such as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The questions used in the study will be related to the patient's behavior/mood, daily life, and motor abilities. This data will be analyzed to determine trends in the changes that occur as a result of the drugs taken by the patient.

How can one construct a hydraulophone (instrument) that displays a visual representation of the sound it produces?

This project will investigate the effects of an interactive public art installment on the Paly community. One goal of the project is to find statistically significant evidence of interaction with this art to affect morale in its community. These effects will be gauged by disseminating surveys within Paly and interviewing people who interacted with the project. The surveys and interviews will include questions about influence of the art project on their thoughts and feelings.

What ways can we reuse water so that it’s safe to drink?

This research project utilize previous applications promoted locally and globally. The goal is to reuse greywater, which allows an increase productivity of sustainable backyard ecosystems, while saving water. Greywater is wastewater generated from a household's shower, bathtub, bathroom sink, and washing machine. Freshwater is becoming scarce due to the CA drought and is becoming more expensive. By looking at different application of greywater and previous examples promoted, this project will determine how to effectivdely reuse sewer water and salt water to water plants.

The Effects of Environmental Stress on Metabolite Production in Catnip, Alfalfa, and Green Beans by Charlotte M.

Biology

Summary

What is the Effects of Environmental Stress on Metabolite Production in Catnip, Alfalfa, and Green Beans? Secondary metabolites are chemicals often produced by plants in response to environmental stress. Flavonoids, one of the most well known classes metabolites, has been shown to have antiviral, anti- inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and possibly anti-cancer properties. It would be beneficial to increase the amount of flavonoids in the food we eat as to take advantage of their numerous health benefits. In conjunction with the National Junior College in Singapore, we will be exploring the effects of varying salinity and pH level on the concentration of quercetin and luteolin 7-glucoside/cynaroides (both flavonoids) in catnip, alfalfa, and green beans under the following parameters: salinity concentrations at 0, 50,100, 200 mM; pH level at 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8 (created with mild acid/bases). Plants are grown in a hydroponic system with nutrient free soil as a base in Palo Alto while plants are grown in 3D printed pots filled with water and cotton fibers in Singapore to compare. Plant metabolites will be extracted and high performance liquid chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance will be used to analyze the metabolites samples...

Investigating the Effects of Different Types of Winglets on Fixed Wing Aircraft Performance by Jerry X.

Engineering

Summary

Winglets, which are the little fins found on aircraft wingtips, can be found on many of today's aircraft. The sheer variety of winglet shapes suggest that each has its own unique aerodynamic properties and effects. Perhaps one shape increases cruising speed while another shape reduces fuel consumption. However, it's interesting to note that jet fighters do not have winglets. It's possible that the tradeoff between maneuverability and fuel efficiency is not satisfactory. Winglets serve many purposes onboard aircraft. In the world of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), winglets can perhaps extend the range of UAVs designed for search and rescue. Winglet-esque devices could also be used on any type of vehicle to improve fuel efficiency or increase maneuverability. This research aims to acheive the following: a) learn the fundamental physics and mathematics concepts behind fixed wing aircraft flight and design; b) learn the how to build a radio control (RC) aircraft from scratch; 3) build a "control" RC aircraft that lacks winglets. Build a few different sets of attachable winglets, 4) fly the aircraft on a non-windy day at the athletic fields according to a pre-determined flight plan, 5) using an onboard computer (and possibly GPS), collect various flight parameters (e.g. speed, flight time, altitude, etc.), 6) build the same RC aircraft in wind tunnel software. Using the software and the flight tests, determine if the winglets had any effects on speed and determine how the winglet caused an increase/decrease in speed.

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