This research paper examines the contentious issue of transgender athletes' inclusion in collegiate sports, with a focus on Lia Thomas, a University of Pennsylvania swimmer. The study addresses the lack of understanding and consensus on this topic by investigating biological differences and social justice implications. The abstract highlights the controversy surrounding Thomas's success and legislative restrictions in 23 states since 2020. It argues for a balanced approach, considering both biological advantages and the need for social justice, emphasizing discrimination faced by transgender athletes and the importance of fair competition. Research methods involve an observational approach, analyzing existing data and conducting a needs assessment research inquiry to improve regulations. The goal is to gather reliable data on transgender female athletes' performance before and after transitioning, using descriptive statistics for analysis, contributing to creating more informed and equitable guidelines for their inclusion in the sports community.

This research paper explores the underrepresentation of Black American artists, particularly Black female artists, in American museums, examining its impact on social justice and democracy. Employing content analysis, the study focuses on major San Francisco art museums to assess how they represent minority artists. The literature review emphasizes the crucial role of art in fostering social justice and notes various efforts to address underrepresentation, such as increased spending on art by Black artists and museum initiatives to diversify collections. Identified research gaps include the need for larger sample sizes and exploration of socio-economic factors. Methodologies involve content analysis, case study research, evaluation research, and correlation research to analyze museum documents, exhibits, and diversity plans, aiming to determine the effectiveness of museum initiatives in promoting diversity and inclusivity.

The research investigates the impact of the test-optional trend in college admissions on Black Americans. Amidst increasing competition for college spots and a significant rise in applications, concerns about fairness arise. Wealth disparities among students, influencing access to test preparation resources, add complexity to the issue. Post-pandemic, more than 80% of U.S. colleges have adopted test-optional policies, prompting questions about the implications for applicants who opt not to submit standardized test scores. The study aims to explore correlations between race, socioeconomic status, and the decision to submit test scores, utilizing a hybrid methodology of correlational research and content analysis. Challenges include limited data on acceptance rates and the reluctance of higher-ranked schools to disclose relevant information, but a quantitative approach seeks to uncover insights into potential disparities and consequences of the test-optional movement.

The research addresses the alarming surge in the American housing market, attributing the issue to restrictive state and local policies hindering the development of multi-family homes. Zoning regulations, identified as a major contributor to rising housing costs, not only limit housing supply but also perpetuate discriminatory practices, particularly against lower-income and minority communities. The literature review underscores the widespread impact of zoning regulations on housing affordability, exemplified by the housing crisis in cities like Seattle. Proposed solutions include policies such as California's SB 9, aiming to increase housing units, and the removal of zoning restrictions. The research methodology involves a survey in Palo Alto, utilizing quantitative methods to analyze the correlation between zoning regulations, housing prices, and residents' opinions, with the ultimate goal of advocating for impactful policy changes on a broader scale.

This research paper focuses on the critical issue of low youth voter turnout in California, specifically examining disparities across counties. The abstract stresses the central role of voting in democracy and highlights historical trends of reduced participation among young citizens. The study is driven by a concern for social justice, emphasizing the underrepresentation of youth in the electorate and the anticipated increase in young voters in California. It aims to identify barriers to youth voting, including civic education and institutional hurdles, while exploring the concept of "turnout deserts" – areas with limited political participation. Assumptions include viewing low voter turnout as a problem and acknowledging demographic differences in voting behaviors. The methodology involves observational and correlational approaches, utilizing statistical analyses to investigate county-level voter turnout and understand factors contributing to youth voting disparities, with the ultimate goal of informing policy changes and civic outreach efforts for enhanced voting equity in California.

My research paper delves into the concerning health disparity among Native Americans compared to the wider U.S. population. Despite tribal efforts, Native Americans face significantly higher health issues, as revealed by a 2017 study indicating a considerable life expectancy gap. I focus on the critical factor of inadequate essential resources, particularly the lack of reliable access to clean water, and aim to explore its impact on Native American communities. Assumptions based on statistics and historical treatment of non-federally recognized tribes lead me to investigate local tribes in the San Francisco Bay Area, expecting struggles with water quality. The literature review underscores themes of social injustice, water access challenges, infrastructural disparities, and gaps in research. My goal is to contribute to addressing these issues by examining and proposing solutions for tribes native to the San Francisco Bay Area.

Research investigates the underrepresentation of top female soccer players in recent World Cups due to a common major injury, revealing a significant gap in understanding female athlete injuries. While conventional explanations attribute higher injury rates to anatomical differences, the argument is made that vital non-anatomical factors are being overlooked. Existing literature exposes a pervasive lack of research on women's bodies in sports, hindering long-term solutions. Disproportionate injury rates, gender bias in sports equipment, and limited solutions emphasize the need for a more inclusive sports medicine approach. Using grounded theory and correlation research methodologies, the aim is to analyze existing data, particularly focusing on high school/college soccer athletes, to uncover relationships and contribute to effective solutions for reducing female athlete injury rates.

The research paper delves into the enduring Israel-Palestine conflict and its profound impact on Palestinian human rights. Originating in the establishment of Israel in 1948, the conflict persists with ongoing violence and destruction. Despite international interventions, issues like forced displacement and settlement construction continue, and proposed solutions remain unimplemented. The research focuses on the period from 2000 to 2020, aiming to understand the extensive human rights violations endured by Palestinians, supported by evidence of thousands of casualties and restrictive measures. The methodology involves historical research, utilizing UN databases and NIH archives for quantitative and qualitative data. Coding will help analyze key themes, providing a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted human rights challenges faced by Palestinians in the conflict.

This research paper delves into the persisting issue of discrimination in sports, particularly concerning racial and sexual identity, despite organizational efforts for inclusivity. It explores the impact of discrimination on minority athletes, focusing on the potential connection to mental health issues. The central question is whether openly expressing racial and sexual identity affects players' careers. The study adopts a grounded theory inquiry approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data, and observational research to analyze patterns in athletes' treatment. Challenges include source validity and potential survey response bias. Targeting professional athletes in the U.S. and international FIFA players, the study aims to contribute to fostering a more inclusive and supportive sports environment.

This research paper examines the pressing issue of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in the NFL, addressing the organization's perceived lack of responsibility towards player health. Focusing on the impact of repetitive head trauma, especially on African American players, the study aims to understand how NFL policies influence player safety and access to medical care. The literature review highlights a growing awareness of CTE in sports and identifies gaps in research, including underreported concussions and potential biases